Here is a test I heard about; Please read and see what you think, this is not for everyone but, could be useful to you.

Cancer Antigen 125 (CA-125)

Test Overview

Cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) is a substance produced by the fallopian tubes, the endometrium, and the lining of the abdominal cavity (peritoneum). See an illustration of the female reproductive system.

CA-125 is used as a tumor marker-an indicator of some types of cancer, especially ovarian cancer. The amount of CA-125 in a woman's blood and body fluids often increases when cancer of the ovaries is present. However, cancer antigen 125 is not used to screen for ovarian cancer because:

Other conditions can also cause increased levels of CA-125, including pregnancy, menstruation, some non-ovarian cancers, and some noncancerous disorders.
CA-125 levels do not rise above the normal range in all women who have ovarian cancer.
CA-125 levels often do not rise until the cancer is in an advanced stage.
This test is done on a blood sample taken from a vein.

Why It Is Done

The test for cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) is used to:

Help diagnose ovarian cancer. Tests in addition to CA-125 are usually needed to make a definite diagnosis of cancer.
Determine if cancer has spread or returned in a person who has been treated for the disease. A declining level of CA-125 in a woman being treated for ovarian cancer usually indicates that treatment is having a beneficial effect.
At the present time, the CA-125 test is not recommended as a screening test for ovarian cancer. However, cancer screening using the CA-125 test and ultrasound may be done for some women at high risk of getting ovarian cancer (such as women who have a family history of ovarian cancer that is likely to be hereditary).

How to Prepare

No special preparation is required before having this test.

How It Is Done

The person drawing blood will wrap an elastic band around your upper arm to temporarily stop the flow of blood through the veins of your arm. This makes it easier to put the needle into a vein properly because the veins below the band get larger and do not collapse easily.

The needle site is cleaned with alcohol and the needle is inserted. More than one needle stick may be needed if the needle is not properly placed or if the vein cannot supply enough blood.

When the needle is properly placed in the vein, a collection tube will be attached to the needle and blood will flow into it. Sometimes more than one tube of blood is collected.

When enough blood has been collected, the band around your arm will be removed. A gauze pad or cotton ball is placed over the puncture site as the needle is withdrawn. Pressure is applied to the puncture site for several minutes and then a small bandage is often placed over it.

How It Feels

You may feel nothing at all from the needle puncture, or you may feel a brief sting or pinch as the needle goes through the skin. Some people feel a stinging pain while the needle is in the vein. However, many people do not feel any pain (or have only minor discomfort) once the needle is positioned in the vein. The amount of pain you feel depends on the skill of the person drawing the blood, the condition of your veins, and your sensitivity to pain.

Risks

There is very little risk of complications from having blood drawn from a vein. You may develop a small bruise at the puncture site. You can reduce the risk of bruising by keeping pressure on the site for several minutes after the needle is withdrawn.

Rarely, the vein may become inflamed after the blood sample is taken. This condition is called phlebitis and is usually treated with a warm compress applied several times daily.

Continued bleeding can be a problem for people with bleeding disorders. Aspirin, warfarin (Coumadin), and other blood-thinning medications can also make bleeding more likely. If you have bleeding or clotting problems, or if you take blood-thinning medication, tell the person before your blood is drawn.

Results

Normal



Cancer antigen 125
Less than 35 units per milliliter (U/mL)

Less than 20 U/mL for women who have been treated for ovarian cancer

Greater than normal values may mean

High levels of CA-125 can indicate cancer of the ovaries or surrounding tissues (such as a fallopian tube or the endometrium). Other types of cancer that can cause an increase in CA-125 include cancer of the pancreas, stomach, esophagus, and liver. Smaller increases in CA-125 levels can be caused by breast, colon, or lung cancer.
Most women with a detectable lump in the pelvic area who have ovarian cancer also have CA-125 values greater than 65 U/mL.
Other diseases that may cause increased levels of CA-125 include pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), endometriosis, liver disease (hepatitis or cirrhosis), pancreatitis, and lupus.
Pregnancy and menstruation can cause elevated blood levels of CA-125.
What Affects the Test

Medications used to treat cancer can interfere with test results.
Recent diagnostic imaging procedures that use a radioactive tracer (such as a bone scan) can interfere with test results. Testing for cancer antigen 125 should be scheduled at least 7 days before or after imaging tests that use a radioactive tracer.
Rough handling, contamination, or inadequate refrigeration of the blood sample can cause inaccurate test results.
What to Think About

The cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) test cannot distinguish between a cancerous (malignant) or noncancerous (benign) ovarian tumor. However, an elevated level of CA-125 is found in over three-quarters of women who have ovarian cancer and in about one-quarter of women with benign ovarian tumors.
The test for CA-125 may also be done on body fluids (other than blood) taken from the chest or stomach area.
High or rising levels of CA-125 in a woman who has been treated for ovarian cancer may indicate that the cancer is returning. The increased amount of CA-125 can often be detected many months before the return of cancer can be discovered in another way.
The CA-125 test may be used to screen for ovarian cancer in women whose family members have had ovarian cancer.
Credits


Author
Renée Spengler, RN, BSN

Associate Editor
Daniel Greer

Primary Medical Reviewer
Patrice Burgess, MD
- Family Medicine

Specialist Medical Reviewer
B. J. Kennedy, MD, MACP
- Oncology

Linda M.Donahoe